Mark 1:1-11 – Who Is Jesus?
Mark 1:12-34 – The Authority of Jesus
Mark 1:35-2:12 – The Power of Jesus
The Baptism of Jesus - Mark 1:9-11 - Matthew 3:13-17 - Luke 3:21-22
(6-8) John the Baptist: the man and his message.
First, Mark introduces his readers to the coming of John the Baptist, who according to the prophecies, was to come and prepare the way for the Messiah's mortal mission.
As you can see in verses 2 and 3, Mark wants his readers to know that John the Baptist indeed fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 40:3.
1. (1-5) The place and ministry of John the Baptist.
1. The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
2. As it is written in the Prophets: [the Old Testament, including Isaiah 40:3] “Behold, I send My messenger before Your face, Who will prepare Your way before You. [Old Testament prophets prophesied that John the Baptist would come and prepare the way for Christ's earthly ministry.]
3. The voice of one [John the Baptist] crying [preaching] in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord; make His paths straight.’” [clear the way; symbolizing making a straight path into your heart for the Savior].
4. John [the Baptist] came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
5. Then all the land of Judea, and those from Jerusalem, [many people came out to listen to John the Baptist, including people from Jerusalem], went out to him and were all baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins.
a. The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God:
Every great story has a beginning, and Mark takes us to his beginning of the gospel.
The ancient Greek word for gospel means “good news,”
so this book is the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
It is the good news concerning Jesus.
i. Every word in Mark’s description of Jesus is important.
First, this is the good news of Jesus, a genuine, historical person who walked this earth like other men.
It is the good news of the Christ (which simply means “Messiah”), the promised, anointed Savior of men.
And it is the good news of the Son of God, and a Son in more than a sense that we think of all men coming from God.
Jesus is the unique Son of God, who is also God the Son.
ii. Lane on the word gospel:
“Among the Romans it meant ‘joyful tidings’ and was associated with the cult of the emperor, whose birthday, attainment to majority and accession to power were celebrated as festival occasions for the whole world.
The reports of such festivals were called ‘evangels’ in the inscriptions and papyri of the Imperial Age.
A calendar inscription from about 9 B.C., found in Priene in Asia Minor, says of the emperor Octavian (Augustus): ‘the birthday of the god was for the world the beginning of joyful tidings which have been proclaimed on this account.’
This inscription is remarkably similar to Mark’s initial line and it clarifies the essential content of an evangel in the ancient world: an historical event which introduces a new situation for the world.”
b. As it is written in the Prophets:
The first thing Mark says about the ministry of John the Baptist is that it was prophesied in the Old Testament (Malachi 3:1 and Isaiah 40:3).
Those passages predicted this forerunner who would prepare the way of the Lord, this forerunner whom God would call My messenger.
i. My messenger is important because this is the first authentically prophetic voice to Israel (with the slight exceptions of Anna and Simeon in Luke 2) for 300 years.
Some thought that God stopped sending prophets because He had nothing more to say, but John shows this wasn’t the case at all.
ii. If we wondered what Mark meant when he called Jesus the Son of God, here he clarified it.
Mark says the ministry of John the Baptist was to prepare the way of the Lord, and he prepared the way of Jesus.
In Mark’s mind, Jesus is Lord.
c. Prepare the way of the Lord; make His paths straight:
The passage Mark quoted from (Isaiah 40:3) had in mind the building up of a great road for the arrival of a majestic king.
The idea was to fill in the holes and to knock down the hills that are in the way.
i. The idea of preparing the way of the Lord is a word picture because the real preparation must take place in our hearts.
Building a road is very much like the preparation God must do in our hearts.
They are both expensive, they both must deal with many different problems and environments, and they both take an expert engineer.
ii. Jesus was the coming Messiah and King, and John the Baptist was the one crying in the wilderness.
Through his message of repentance, he worked to prepare the way of the Lord.
We often fail to appreciate how important the preparatory work of the Lord is.
Any great work of God begins with great preparation.
John wonderfully fulfilled this important ministry.
“John was God’s bulldozer to build that highway.” (Stedman)
d. John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins:
This describes how John prepared the way.
He came baptizing, offering a ceremonial washing that confessed sin and did something to demonstrate repentance.
i. Baptism simply means to “immerse or overwhelm.”
John didn’t sprinkle when he came baptizing.
As was the custom in some other Jewish ceremonial washings, John completely immersed those he baptized.
“Naturally, therefore, the baptism was not a mere sprinkling with water, but a bath in which his whole body was bathed.” (Barclay)
ii. Baptism was already practiced in the Jewish community in the form of ceremonial immersions but typically it was only among Gentiles who wished to become Jews.
For a Jew in John’s day to submit to baptism was essentially to say, “I confess that I am as far away from God as a Gentile and I need to get right with Him.”
This was a real work of the Holy Spirit.
iii. John’s baptism might have been related to the Jewish practice of baptizing Gentile converts or to some of the ceremonial washings practiced by the Jews of that day.
Though it may have some links, at the same time it was unique – so unique that John simply became known as “the Baptizer.”
If a lot of people had been doing what John did, it wouldn’t be a unique title.
iv. Christian baptism is like John’s in the sense that it demonstrates repentance, but it is also more.
It is being baptized into Christ, that is, into His death and resurrection (Romans 6:3).
e. Then all the land of Judea, and those from Jerusalem:
John’s ministry met with wonderful response.
There were many people who recognized their sinfulness and their need to get ready for the Messiah.
They were also willing to do something about it.
i. John’s main message wasn’t, “You’re a sinner, you need to repent.”
John’s main message was “The Messiah is coming.”
The call to repentance was the response to the news that the Messiah was coming.
1. The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
2. As it is written in the Prophets: “Behold, I send My messenger before Your face, Who will prepare Your way before You.
3. The voice of one crying in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord; make His paths straight.’”
4. John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
5. Then all the land of Judea, and those from Jerusalem, went out to him and were all baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins.
2. (6-8) John the Baptist: the man and his message.
6. Now John was clothed with camel’s hair and with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey.
[Why did John Dress so strangely? - Dressing in camel hair and wearing a leather belt was reminiscent of the earlier prophet Elijah (2Ki 1:8), whom the prophet Malachi said would appear before the Messiah came (Mal 4:5-6).
John, like Elijah, devoted his life to calling people back to God. John's simple food, clothing and lifestyle were also visual protest against self-indulgence.]
7. And he preached, saying, “There comes One after me who is mightier than I, whose sandal strap I am not worthy to stoop down and loose.
8. I indeed baptized you with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”
a. Clothed with camel’s hair and with a leather belt:
In his personality and ministry, John the Baptist was patterned after the bold Elijah (2 Kings 1:8), who fearlessly called Israel to repentance.
b. There comes One after me who is mightier than I:
The message of John the Baptist was simple.
John preached Jesus, not himself.
John pointed to Jesus, not to himself.
c. Whose sandal strap I am not worthy to stoop down and loose:
This might sound like spiritual exaggeration on John’s part.
But John said this because in his day, the rabbis taught that a teacher might require just about anything of his followers, except to make them take off their sandals.
That was considered to be too much. But John said that he was not even worthy to do this for Jesus.
i. Babylonian Talmud, Ketuboth 96a:
“All services which a slave does for his master a pupil should do for his teacher, with the exception of undoing his shoes.” (Cited in Lane)
d. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit:
John recognized that his baptism was only a prelude to what Jesus would bring.
The Messiah would bring an immersion in the Holy Spirit that was greater than the immersion in water as a demonstration of repentance.
i. John’s baptism
could demonstrate repentance, but it could not truly cleanse one from sin, nor could it impart the Holy Spirit in the way Jesus would after His work on the cross was completed.
6. Now John was clothed with camel’s hair and with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey.
7. And he preached, saying, “There comes One after me who is mightier than I, whose sandal strap I am not worthy to stoop down and loose.
8. I indeed baptized you with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.”
The below is a comparison chart showing what each of the Gospels said about Jesus's Baptism.
It is interesting to see how much clearer a picture we have when all the Gospels are included.
Blue words are not included in the Gospel of Mark.
The Baptism of Jesus
Mark 1:9-11 - Matthew 3:13-17 - Luke 3:21-22
3. (9-11) John Baptizes Jesus.
Matt 3:13-17 - Mark 1:9-11 - Luke 3:21-22
9. It came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
10. And immediately, coming up from the water, He saw the heavens parting and the Spirit descending upon Him like a dove.
11. Then a voice came from heaven, “You are My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”
a. Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan:
Jesus was not baptized because He needed cleansing from sin;
He was sinless, as John himself understood (Matthew 3:14).
Instead, Jesus was baptized in keeping with His entire mission on earth: to do the will of the Father and to identify with sinful man.
i. Jesus didn’t have to be baptized.
He also didn’t have to die on a cross in our place.
He did both things to express His solidarity with fallen man.
b. Immediately:
The ancient Greek word is euthus, and this is the first of more than 40 times this word is used in the Gospel of Mark.
c. You are My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased:
When this voice of God the Father spoke from heaven, everyone knew that Jesus was not just another man being baptized.
They knew Jesus was the perfect (in whom I am well pleased) Son of God, identifying with sinful man.
By this, everyone knew that Jesus was different.
Jesus was baptized to be identified with sinful man, but He was also baptized to be identified to sinful man.
i. This strange scene displayed a humble beginning:
Jesus: A common, unremarkable name.
From Nazareth: An unremarkable, despised village.
Of Galilee: The unspiritual region, not the “Bible belt” of the area at that time.
Was baptized: Identified with sinful man.
In the Jordan: An unremarkable – often even unpleasant – river. “Early rabbinic tradition explicitly disqualifies the River Jordan for purification, [according to] The Mishnah, Parah VIII. 10.” (Lane)
ii. The scene also displayed great glory:
The heavens parting:
Heaven opened wide for this. The ancient Greek for this phrase is strong. It has the idea that sky was torn in two, “being rent asunder, a sudden event.” (Bruce)
The Spirit descending:
The Spirit of God was present, and in some way His presence was discernible.
Like a dove:
Luke 3:22 puts it like this: And the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon Him. In some way the Spirit was present and “flew down” on Jesus like a dove.
A voice came from heaven:
It’s rare in the Bible when we read that God speaks audibly from heaven, but this is one of those glorious occasions.
You are My beloved Son, in Whom I am well pleased: What could be more glorious than to have God the Father praise and affirm you publicly?
d. And the Spirit descending upon Him like a dove:
This wasn’t just a fluttering cloud hovering above Jesus; it had the actual appearance of a dove. Luke 3:22 says, the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon Him.
It doesn’t mean that the Holy Spirit was a dove, but appeared like a dove. We also know that John the Baptist saw the Holy Spirit coming down on Jesus (John 1:32).
i. The Holy Spirit is associated with a dove because of Genesis 1:2, where the brooding of the Spirit over the waters at creation suggested to some ancient rabbis the action of a dove.
Also, doves are gentle, non-threatening birds, they do not resist, and they do not fight back. It represents the gentle, faithful work of the Holy Spirit.
ii. This is one of the familiar passages of the New Testament that shows us the entire Trinity in action.
God the Son is baptized, God the Father speaks from heaven, and God the Holy Spirit descends like a dove.
iii. So far in the Gospel of Mark we see four witnesses, each testifying to the identity of Jesus. What more evidence do we need?
Mark said Jesus is the Son of God (Mark 1:1).
The prophets said Jesus is Lord (Mark 1:2-3).
John the Baptist said Jesus was the One after me who is mightier than I (Mark 1:7-8).
God the Father said Jesus is the Beloved Son of God (Mark 1:10-11).
9. It came to pass in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan.
10. And immediately, coming up from the water, He saw the heavens parting and the Spirit descending upon Him like a dove.
11. Then a voice came from heaven, “You are My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.”
"Immediately written 42 Times in the Book Of Mark.
The rest of the Gospels has the word "Immediately" written 12 Times.
Jesus resists Satan's temptations in the wilderness
Mark 1:12-13 - Matthew 4:1-11 - Luke 4:1-13
Mark 1:12-13
12. Immediately the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness.
13. And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan, and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered to Him.
Matthew 4:1-11
4 Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.
2 And when He had fasted forty days and forty nights, afterward He was hungry.
3 Now when the tempter came to Him, he said, “If You are the Son of God, command that these stones become bread.”
4 But He answered and said, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.’ ”
5 Then the devil took Him up into the holy city, set Him on the pinnacle of the temple,
6 and said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down. For it is written: ‘He shall give His angels charge over you,’ and, ‘In their hands they shall bear you up,
Lest you dash your foot against a stone.’ ”
7 Jesus said to him, “It is written again, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’ ”
8 Again, the devil took Him up on an exceedingly high mountain, and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory.
9 And he said to Him, “All these things I will give You if You will fall down and worship me.”
10 Then Jesus said to him, “Away with you, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.’ ”11 Then the devil left Him, and behold, angels came and ministered to Him.
Luke 4:1-13
1. Then Jesus, being filled with the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,
2 being tempted for forty days by the devil. And in those days He ate nothing, and afterward, when they had ended, He was hungry.
3 And the devil said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.”
4 But Jesus answered him, saying, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.’ ”
5 Then the devil, taking Him up on a high mountain, showed Him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time.
6 And the devil said to Him, “All this authority I will give You, and their glory; for this has been delivered to me, and I give it to whomever I wish.
7 Therefore, if You will worship before me, all will be Yours.”
8 And Jesus answered and said to him, “Get behind Me, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve.’ ”
9 Then he brought Him to Jerusalem, set Him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down from here.
10 For it is written: ‘He shall give His angels charge over you, To keep you,’
11 and, ‘In their hands they shall bear you up,
Lest you dash your foot against a stone.’ ”
12 And Jesus answered and said to him, “It has been said, ‘You shall not tempt the Lord your God.’ ”
13 Now when the devil had ended every temptation, he departed from Him until an opportune time.
4. (12-13) Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness, among the wild beasts.
12. Immediately the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness.
13. And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan, and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered to Him.
a. Immediately the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness:
After the dramatic appearance of the Holy Spirit at His baptism, the work of the Spirit in Jesus was to lead Him – rather, to drive [drove] Him into the wilderness.
i. “Mark has used a strange word.
‘The Spirit driveth Him forth’; quite literally, ‘the Spirit casteth Him forth.’
It is the very word afterward employed of the casting out of demons by Christ.” (Morgan)
b. And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan:
Jesus was identified with sinners in His baptism.
Here He was also identified with sinners in their temptations.
Hebrews 4:15 reminds us, For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted as we are, yet without sin.
i. Forty – as in the forty days of Jesus in the wilderness – is a number that often shows a time of testing or judgment.
In Noah’s flood, it rained for 40 days and 40 nights.
Israel was in the wilderness 40 years.
Moses kept sheep in the wilderness for 40 years.
This is Jesus’ time of testing.
c. Forty days, tempted by Satan:
Matthew and Luke detail three specific temptations Jesus suffered in these days and how Jesus resisted Satan each time by standing on the Word of God.
Mark tells us that Jesus faced more than the three dramatic temptations described by Matthew and Luke.
This entire period was a time of testing.
d. Was with the wild beasts:
Matthew and Luke make no mention of this, but it is significant.
In the ancient Greek grammar, the emphasis is on with. In other words, Jesus was at peace with the wild beasts. This shows two things:
Jesus is the Second Adam, and like unfallen Adam, He enjoys a peaceful relationship with all the animals.
Jesus remains the unfallen, sinless one despite all the temptation, with authority over the wild beasts.
i. “These fell creatures saw in Christ the perfect image of God; and therefore reverenced his as their Lord, as they did Adam before his fall.” (Trapp)
e. And the angels ministered to Him:
The sense in Mark is that the angels ministered to Him at the end of this time of intense temptation.
This shows Jesus’ authority, not only over the wild beasts, but also over the angels. They are His servants.
i. “Morally victorious, He was Master of the creation beneath Him, and the angels ran upon His errands, for such is the real suggestiveness of the word. Thus He is seen as God’s Man, perfect in spite of the temptation!” (Morgan)
12. Immediately the Spirit drove Him into the wilderness.
13. And He was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan, and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered to Him.
14a. Now after John was put in prison, Jesus came to Galilee,
a. After John was put in prison:
There is a detailed description of John’s fate in prison in Mark 6:17-28.
b. Jesus came to Galilee:
Jesus spent most of His time in the region of Galilee, usually only going up to Jerusalem for the appointed feasts.
Galilee was a large, populated area north of Judea and Jerusalem, where Jews and Gentiles lived together, though usually in their own distinct cities.
i. Galilee was not a small backwater region.
According to the ancient Jewish historian Josephus, Galilee was an area of about 60 by 30 miles and had 204 villages, with none less than 15,000 people.
This means there were more than 3 million people in the extended region.
14b. Preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God,
15. and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.”
a. Preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God:
Jesus was a preacher and He brought the message of God’s rule on earth, though not in the manner that was popularly expected or desired. Most people wanted a political kingdom that would replace the oppressive occupation of the Romans.
i. Contrary to the expectations of most people in His day, Jesus brought a kingdom of love, not subjugation; of grace, not law; of humility, not pride; for all men, not only the Jews; to be received voluntarily by man, not imposed by force.
ii. The Gospel of Mark – and the rest of this chapter – will stress the work of Jesus and His wonderful miracles. But with this opening statement, Mark reminds us that the focus of Jesus’ ministry was preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God. Jesus was a preacher who did wonderful miracles, not a miracle worker who sometimes preached.
b. Saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand”:
When Jesus preached the gospel of the kingdom of God, He wanted people to know that it was near – as close as your hand.
It wasn’t as distant or as dreamy as they had imagined. Now was the time for them to encounter the kingdom of God.
i. The time is fulfilled:
There are two ancient Greek words that can be translated time. One is chronos, meaning simple chronological time.
The other is kairos, meaning “the strategic opportunity, the decisive time.” Jesus used this second word when He said, “the time is fulfilled.” His idea was, “The strategic time for the kingdom of God is now. Now is your time of opportunity. Don’t let it pass you by.”
c. Saying… “Repent”: When Jesus preached the gospel of the kingdom of God, He wanted people to know what entering that kingdom was like. They could not enter the kingdom going the same way they had been going. They had to change their direction to experience the kingdom of God.
i. Some people think that repentance is mostly about feelings, especially feeling sorry for your sin. It is wonderful to feel sorry about your sin, but repent isn’t a “feelings” word. It is an action word. Jesus told us to make a change of the mind, not merely to feel sorry for what we have done. Repentance speaks of a change of direction, not a sorrow in the heart.
ii. Repentance does not describe something we must do before we come to God; it describes what coming to God is like. If you are in New York, and I tell you to come to Los Angeles, I don’t really need to say “Leave New York and come to Los Angeles.” To come to Los Angeles is to leave New York, and if I haven’t left New York, I certainly can’t come to Los Angeles. We can’t come to the kingdom of God unless we leave our sin and the self-life.
d. Saying… “Believe”:
When Jesus preached the gospel of the kingdom of God, He wanted people to know what it was like to live in the kingdom.
The kingdom Jesus preached was not just about a moral renewal.
It was about trusting God, taking Him at His word, and living a relationship of dependence on Him.
i. The ancient Greek word Jesus used for believe (pisteuo) means much more than knowledge or agreement in the mind.
It speaks of a relationship of trust and dependence.
ii. “There are many people who believe the Gospel, but they do not believe in it. It was an appeal not only to accept it as an intellectually accurate statement; but to rest in it, to repose in it. It was a call to let the heart find ease in it.” (Morgan)
14b. Preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God,
15. and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.”
16. And as He walked by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
17. Then Jesus said to them, “Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men.”
18. They immediately left their nets and followed Him.
19. When He had gone a little farther from there, He saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the boat mending their nets.
20. And immediately He called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went after Him.
a. He saw Simon and Andrew:
This was not the first time Jesus had met this group of men. John 1:35-4:54 describes their previous meeting.
b. For they were fishermen:
These were common men, without theological credentials or status in the world.
Jesus met them as they labored as common men.
Jesus chose these disciples not for who they were, but for what Jesus could do through them.
i. “Surely the good qualities of successful fishermen would make for success in the difficult ministry of winning lost souls: courage, the ability to work together, patience, energy, stamina, faith, and tenacity. Professional fishermen simply could not afford to be quitters or complainers!” (Wiersbe)
c. Follow Me:
With this invitation, Jesus shows what Christianity is all about: following Jesus. At its root, Christianity is not about theological systems, rules, or even helping people – it is about following Jesus.
i. “Nevertheless it is true, by New Testament times, the phrase ‘to follow’ had added to itself an ethical aspect, for it is always the superior who walks ahead, and the inferior who follows: therefore, at the least, a rabbi-disciple relationship was implied.” (Cole)
d. I will make you become fishers of men:
Jesus said He would make them fishers of men.
If these men received something wonderful in following Jesus, it was only right for them to give it to others, and to “catch” men into the same kingdom of God.
i. When Jesus called them to be fishers of men, He called them to do what He did. He was the greatest fisher of men ever. But He wanted others to do the work He did; first these four, then twelve, then hundreds, then thousands and thousands upon thousands through the centuries.
ii. I will make you become:
“Implying a gradual process of training.” (Bruce)
e. Mending their nets:
“Mark’s term means properly to put in order, or to make ready, and so includes cleansing, mending and folding the nets in preparation for the next evening’s fishing.” (Lane) Significantly, a derivative of this same word is used in Ephesians 4:12 where Paul describes the work of equipping the saints. As Strong’s definition relates, to equip therefore means to complete thoroughly, to repair or adjust, to fit, frame, mend, to make perfect, to perfectly join together, to prepare, or restore.
16. And as He walked by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
17. Then Jesus said to them, “Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men.”
18. They immediately left their nets and followed Him.
19. When He had gone a little farther from there, He saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, who also were in the boat mending their nets.
20. And immediately He called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired servants, and went after Him.
1. (21-22) Jesus teaches in the synagogue.
21. Then they went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and taught.
22. And they were astonished at His teaching, for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
a. They went into Capernaum:
One can go to Capernaum today and see the remains of an ancient Jewish synagogue, which still has the foundation of this same building Jesus taught in.
b. Immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and taught:
Typically, the synagogue had no set teachers.
Instead they had the custom of “the freedom of the synagogue,” where learned guests were invited to speak on the Scripture reading for that day.
This custom gave Jesus the opportunity to preach.
c. They were astonished at his teaching:
We are not told what Jesus taught, but we are told of the effect the teaching had on His audience.
They had never heard anyone teach quite like this before.
d. For He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes:
The scribes of Jesus’ day rarely taught boldly.
They would often simply quote a variety of Rabbis as interpreters.
Jesus taught with boldness.
i. Jesus taught with authority because He had authority.
He brought a divine message and was confident that it was from God.
He wasn’t quoting from man, but from God.
ii. Jesus taught with authority because He knew what He was talking about.
You can’t teach with authority if you aren’t familiar with your material.
iii. Jesus taught with authority because He believed what He taught.
When you believe what you teach, it comes through to your audience with authority.
iv. We first saw the submitted Jesus – submitted to His Father in baptism, submitted to the Holy Spirit in going out to the wilderness.
Now we see the authority of Jesus.
Authority flows from submission. We aren’t safe with real authority from God unless we are also submitted to God.
Jesus showed authority when He was with the wild beasts.
Jesus showed authority when the angels served Him.
Jesus showed authority announcing the presence of the kingdom of God and commanding men to repent and believe.
Jesus showed authority calling disciples after Himself.
Jesus will show many more striking displays of authority.
21. Then they went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath He entered the synagogue and taught.
22. And they were astonished at His teaching, for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
3. (25-28) Jesus rebukes the spirit and gains great acclaim.
[Jesus Casts Out an Unclean Spirit]
25. But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”
26. And when the unclean spirit had convulsed him and cried out with a loud voice, he came out of him.
27. Then they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? What new doctrine is this? For with authority He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him.”
28. And immediately His fame spread throughout all the region around Galilee.
a. Jesus rebuked him: Jesus didn’t need to rely on hocus-pocus or ceremonies. He simply demonstrated the authority of God.
b. Be quiet: Jesus often told demons to shut up. Today, many self-styled deliverers from demon possession encourage the demons to speak, or even believe what the demons say. Jesus avoided such theatrics and merely delivered the afflicted man.
c. Be quiet, and come out of him! There were other exorcists in Jesus’ day. He was not the only one who tried to cast out demons. But there was a huge difference between Jesus and other exorcists. They used long, fancy, elaborate, superstitious ceremonies and they often failed. Jesus never failed to cast out a demon, and He never used an elaborate ceremony.
i. Lane describes an ancient account from Josephus about the work of an ancient exorcist named Eleazar, around the time of Jesus: “He put to the nose of the possessed man a ring which had under its seal one of the roots prescribed by Solomon, and then, as the man smelled it, drew out the demon through his nostrils, and, when the man at once fell down, adjured the demon never to come back into him, speaking Solomon’s name and reciting the incantations which he had composed. Then, wishing to convince the bystanders and prove to them that he had this power, Eleazar placed a cup or foot-basin full of water a little way off and commanded the demon, as it went out of the man, to overturn it and make known to the spectators that he had left the man.”
ii. “The people were accustomed to the use of magical formulae by the Jewish exorcists (Matthew 12:27; Acts 19:13), but here was something utterly different.” (Robertson)
[Jesus Casts Out an Unclean Spirit]
25. But Jesus rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!”
26. And when the unclean spirit had convulsed him and cried out with a loud voice, he came out of him.
27. Then they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? What new doctrine is this? For with authority He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him.”
28. And immediately His fame spread throughout all the region around Galilee.
4. (29-31) Peter’s mother-in-law is healed.
29. Now as soon as they had come out of the synagogue, they entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
30. But Simon’s wife’s mother lay sick with a fever, and they told Him about her at once.
31. So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and immediately the fever left her. And she served them.
a. They entered the house of Simon and Andrew: Jesus came into this humble house in Capernaum and met a sick woman. Jesus didn’t only “perform for the crowds.” Here, He ministered to one person in a private home. Jesus’ interest was in meeting the needs of individuals and not in promoting Himself. He didn’t need the power of crowd dynamics to help His ministry.
b. So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and immediately the fever left her: In this healing of Peter’s mother-in-law, Jesus showed both simplicity and power. Jesus healed with the same authority that He used to cast out demons.
i. “Peter’s mother-in-law was suffering from what the Talmud called ‘a burning fever.’ It was, and still is, very prevalent in that particular part of Galilee. The Talmud actually lays down the methods of dealing with it. A knife made wholly of iron was tied by a braid of hair to a thorn bush. On successive days there was repeated, first, Exodus 3:2-3; second, Exodus 3:4; and finally, Exodus 3:5. Then a certain magical formula was pronounced, and thus the cure was supposed to be achieved. Jesus completely disregarded all the paraphernalia of popular magic, and with a gesture and a word of unique authority and power, he healed the woman.” (Barclay)
c. And she served them: Peter’s mother-in-law responded the way we should when Jesus blesses us. She immediately served Jesus out of gratitude.
29. Now as soon as they had come out of the synagogue, they entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
30. But Simon’s wife’s mother lay sick with a fever, and they told Him about her at once.
31. So He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and immediately the fever left her. And she served them.
5. (32-34) Many Healed After Sabbath Sunset.
32. At evening, when the sun had set, they brought to Him all who were sick and those who were demon-possessed.
33. And the whole city was gathered together at the door.
34. Then He healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and He did not allow the demons to speak, because they knew Him.
a. When the sun had set: Jesus was ministering after sundown, ending the Sabbath day (Mark 1:21). Free from the Sabbath restrictions on travel and activity, the people came to Jesus to be healed.
b. Then He healed many: It was a busy day, and then Jesus ministered after nightfall to the whole city that had gathered together at the door. Jesus worked very hard to serve the needs of others and always put their needs before His.
32. At evening, when the sun had set, they brought to Him all who were sick and those who were demon-possessed.
33. And the whole city was gathered together at the door.
34. Then He healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and He did not allow the demons to speak, because they knew Him.
1. (35) Jesus prays in a solitary place.
35. Now in the morning, having risen a long while before daylight, He went out and departed to a solitary place; and there He prayed.
a. Now in the morning: After a long day, we would certainly excuse Jesus for sleeping in. Yet He, having risen a long while before daylight, made less time for sleep and more time for prayer.
i. “Look no man in the face till thou hast seen the face of God. Speak thou with none till thou hast had speech with the Most High.” (Spurgeon)
b. He prayed: Jesus did not need to pray because He was weak but because He was strong, and the source of His strength was His relationship with God His Father. Jesus knew that pressure and busyness should drive us towards prayer, not from prayer.
i. We don’t know exactly what Jesus prayed for, but as much as anything, Jesus used this time of prayer for that close, intimate communion with God the Father that He longed for, which nourished and strengthened His soul. We can also surmise that Jesus prayed for Himself. He prayed for His disciples. He prayed for those He met and ministered to the previous night. He prayed for those He would meet and minister to that coming day.
c. A solitary place: Jesus knew the importance of solitary time with God. While it is good and important for us to join with others in the presence of God, there is much in our Christian life that can only be learned and experienced in a solitary place with God.
i. “Woe unto that man whose devotion is observed by everybody, and who never offers a secret supplication. Secret prayer is the secret of prayer, the soul of prayer, the seal of prayer, the strength of prayer. If you do not pray alone, you do not pray at all. I care not whether you pray in the street, or in the church, or in the barrack-room, or in the cathedral; but your heart must speak with God in secret, or you have not prayed.” (Spurgeon)
ii. “There is in public and private prayer a more united strength and interest, but in secret prayer an advantage for more free and full communication of our souls unto God. Christ for this chooseth the morning, as the time freest from distractions and company; and a solitary place, as fittest for a secret duty.” (Poole)
iii. This passage shows us many things about the prayer life of Jesus.
For Jesus, fellowship with God was something far more than just the Sabbath.
Jesus wanted to be alone to pray.
Jesus wanted to be alone, so He could pour out His heart to His Father.
35. Now in the morning, having risen a long while before daylight, He went out and departed to a solitary place; and there He prayed.
2. (36-39) Preaching in Galilee
36. And Simon and those who were with Him searched for Him.
37. When they found Him, they said to Him, “Everyone is looking for You.”
38. But He said to them, “Let us go into the next towns, that I may preach there also, because for this purpose I have come forth.”
39. And He was preaching in their synagogues throughout all Galilee, and casting out demons.
a. Searched for Him: This was early in Jesus’ relationship with His disciples. As they got to know Him, they learned that whenever they could not find Him, He was probably off in solitary prayer.
b. Everyone is looking for You: The disciples probably thought Jesus would be pleased at His popularity and would want to spend more time with the crowd He gathered and impressed the day before.
c. Let us go into the next towns: Jesus did not stay in that town and “ride” the crest of His popularity there. He knew His ministry was to preach all across Galilee. His ministry was not being famous or enjoying the fame.
i. The clear emphasis on Jesus’ ministry is preaching: for this purpose I have come forth. The healing and miraculous ministry of Jesus was impressive and glorious, but it was never His emphasis.
36. And Simon and those who were with Him searched for Him.
37. When they found Him, they said to Him, “Everyone is looking for You.”
38. But He said to them, “Let us go into the next towns, that I may preach there also, because for this purpose I have come forth.”
39. And He was preaching in their synagogues throughout all Galilee, and casting out demons.
3. (40) A leper comes to Jesus.
40. Now a leper came to Him, imploring Him, kneeling down to Him and saying to Him, “If You are willing, You can make me clean.”
a. A leper came to Him:
Leprosy was one of the horrific diseases of the ancient world. Today, leprosy afflicts 15 million across the world, mostly in third world nations.
i. Leprosy begins as small red spots on the skin. Before too long the spots get bigger and start to turn white, with a shiny or scaly appearance. The spots soon spread over the body and hair begins to fall out – first from the head, then even from the eyebrows. As things get worse, fingernails and toenails become loose; they start to rot and eventually fall off. Then the joints of fingers and toes begin to rot and fall off, piece by piece. Gums begin to shrink, and they can’t hold the teeth anymore, so each tooth is lost. Leprosy keeps eating away at the face until the nose, the palate, and even the eyes rot – and the leper wastes away until he or she dies.
ii. As horrible as the physical suffering was, the worst part of having leprosy might have been the way people treated the leper. In the Old Testament, God said that when there were lepers among the people of Israel, they should be carefully quarantined and examined (Leviticus 13-14). Lepers had to dress like people who were in mourning for the dead, because they were considered to be the living dead. They had to warn the people around them by crying out, “Unclean! Unclean!” whenever people were near them. This was not because leprosy was highly contagious. It was because God used this disease as a striking example of sin and its effect on us.
iii. The people of Jesus’ day went further than the Old Testament told them to. Back then, they thought two things about a leper: you are the walking dead and you deserve this because this is the punishment of God against you. Jewish custom said that you should not even greet a leper. Custom said you had to stay six feet (two meters) from a leper. One Rabbi bragged that he would not even buy an egg on a street where he saw a leper, and another boasted that he threw rocks at lepers to keep them far from him. One other Rabbi didn’t even allow a leper to wash his face.
b. Imploring Him, kneeling down to Him: Knowing how terrible the disease was, it does not surprise us that the leper was so desperate in his approach to Jesus.
c. You can make me clean: The leper really believed in the power of Jesus, and had confidence that Jesus could heal him. This shows that the leper had great faith because as far as we know, Jesus had not yet healed a leper in His ministry.
i. In that day, everyone knew only God could heal a leper. There was no cure, and no one just got better. A leper could never get better without a direct healing from God.
d. Make me clean: The leper knew what he needed from Jesus. He didn’t ask to be healed, but cleansed. The leper needed much more than healing.
i. Whatever you think you need from God, what you most need from Jesus is cleansing – to be cleansed from sin and a life lived for self.
40. Now a leper came to Him, imploring Him, kneeling down to Him and saying to Him, “If You are willing, You can make me clean.”
4. (41-45) Jesus cleanses the leper.
41. Then Jesus, moved with compassion, stretched out His hand and touched him, and said to him, “I am willing; be cleansed.”
42. As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed.
43. And He strictly warned him and sent him away at once,
44. and said to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone; but go your way, show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing those things which Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.”
45. However, he went out and began to proclaim it freely, and to spread the matter, so that Jesus could no longer openly enter the city, but was outside in deserted places; and they came to Him from every direction.
a. Jesus, moved with compassion: We are often moved with compassion when we meet sick people, but lepers usually did not arouse compassion. Their whole appearance was too repulsive, and they usually made people feel disgust instead of compassion.
i. Luke says this man was full of leprosy (Luke 5:12), meaning that the disease was in the advanced stages. This man’s whole body and life was rotting.
b. Put out His hand and touched him: Jesus healed many people many different ways, but here He chose to heal this man with a touch. He could have spoken a word or even just thought a thought and the man would have been healed, but Jesus used a touch.
i. This was important because people were forbidden to touch this man on account of his leprosy. Since his disease was in the advanced stages, he was a leper a long time. It was a long time since he had felt a loving touch.
ii. It was against Jewish ceremonial law to touch a leper. Yet Jesus did not break that law, because as soon as He touched the man, he was no longer a leper.
c. Show yourself to the priest: Jesus told the former leper to go to the priests to carry out the ceremony the law required when a leper was cleansed. Jesus did this first to honor the law of God, but also as a testimony to the priests that an incurable disease had been cured.
i. The elements used in the Levitical ceremony for the cleansing of a leper (cedar wood, hyssop, and scarlet) are the same elements used in cleansing someone who was defiled by a dead body (Numbers 19:6, 19:13, 19:18 and Leviticus 14:4-7).
ii. Since lepers were never healed, these priests had never conducted this ceremony. When they had to look up the procedure for this ceremony and had to carry it out for the first time, it would be a strong witness that the Messiah was among them.
d. Say nothing to anyone… But he went out and began to proclaim it freely: The man may have meant well and might have thought he was helping Jesus, but his disobedience hindered the ministry of Jesus. Jesus could no longer openly enter the city. It’s best to always obey Jesus, and we should never think that we have a better plan than He does.
41. Then Jesus, moved with compassion, stretched out His hand and touched him, and said to him, “I am willing; be cleansed.”
42. As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed.
43. And He strictly warned him and sent him away at once,
44. and said to him, “See that you say nothing to anyone; but go your way, show yourself to the priest, and offer for your cleansing those things which Moses commanded, as a testimony to them.”
45. However, he went out and began to proclaim it freely, and to spread the matter, so that Jesus could no longer openly enter the city, but was outside in deserted places; and they came to Him from every direction.